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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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japan.3
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Government
Long-form name: none.
Type: constitutional monarchy.
Capital: Tokyo.
Administrative divisions: 47 prefectures (fuken, singular
and plural); Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui,
Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gumma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo,
Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi,
Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki,
Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama,
Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori,
Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi.
Independence: 660 BC, traditional founding by Emperor Jimmu;
3 May 1947, constitutional monarchy established.
Constitution: 3 May 1947.
Legal system: civil law system with English-American influence;
judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations.
National holiday: Birthday of the Emperor, 23 December (1933).
Executive branch: emperor, prime minister, Cabinet.
Legislative branch: bicameral Diet (Kokkai) consists of
an upper house or House of Councillors (Sangi-in) and a
lower house or House of Representatives (Shugi-in).
Judicial branch: Supreme Court.
Leaders:
Chief of State--Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989);
Head of Government--Prime Minister Toshiki KAIFU (since
9 August 1989).
Political parties and leaders: Liberal Democratic Party
(LDP), Toshiki Kaifu, president; Japan Socialist Party (JSP),
T. Doi, chairman; Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), Keigo
Ouchi, chairman; Japan Communist Party (JCP), K. Miyamoto,
Presidium chairman; Komeito (Clean Government Party, CGP),
Koshiro Ishida, chairman.
Suffrage: universal at age 20.
Elections:
House of Councillors--last held on 23 July 1989 (next to be
held 23 July 1992); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--
(252 total, 100 elected) LDP 109, JSP 67, CGP 21, JCP 14,
others 33;
House of Representatives--last held on 18 February 1990
(next to be held by February 1993); results--percent of
vote by party NA; seats--(512 total) LDP 275, JSP 136, CGP
45, JCP 16, JDSP 14, other parties 5, independents 21; note--nine
independents are expected to join the LDP, five the JSP.
Communists: about 470,000 registered Communist party members.
Member of: ADB, ASPAC, CCC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO,
GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American
Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, ILZSG, IMF,
IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC--International
Whaling Commission, IWC--International Wheat Council, OECD,
UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG.
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Nobuo MATSUNAGA; Chancery
at 2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone
(202) 939-6700; there are Japanese Consulates General in
Agana (Guam), Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu,
Houston, Kansas City (Missouri), Los Angeles, New Orleans,
New York, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland (Oregon), and a
Consulate in Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands); US--Ambassador
Michael H. ARMACOST; Embassy at 10-1, Akasaka 1-chome, Minato-ku
(107), Tokyo (mailing address is APO San Francisco 96503);
telephone [81] (3) 224-5000; there are US Consulates General
in Naha, Osaka-Kobe, and Sapporo and a Consulate in Fukuoka.
Flag: white with a large red disk (representing the sun
without rays) in the center.